Product Introduction
After fixation with paraformaldehyde, formalin, or other aldehyde-based fixatives, proteins become cross-linked and carboxymethylated, masking antigenic epitopes and leading to false-negative or weak signals in immunostaining. These cross-links can be reversed under high-temperature or enzymatic conditions, allowing proteins to regain their native conformation. This process—antigen retrieval (AR)—is essential for reliable IHC/IF results. Heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) or enzymatic retrieval can be selected according to tissue and antigen characteristics, and a retrieval buffer of appropriate pH should be used. This product is a 20× citrate antigen retrieval buffer (pH 6.0). Dilute 1:20 to obtain the working solution, suitable for heat-mediated antigen retrieval.
Notes
1. This product is a concentrate and must be diluted before use. The diluted working solution should be used the same day; short-term storage at 4 °C is acceptable.
2. Select the antigen retrieval buffer that matches the antigen and tissue characteristics.
3. Wear a lab coat and disposable gloves for your safety and health.
4. For research use only; not intended for clinical diagnosis or therapy.
